Pollution control and input markets: The creation and capture of rents from sulfur dioxide regulation∗
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper analyzes the effects of pollution control regulation on input markets. Under Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, sulfur dioxide emissions from large coal-fired electric power plants in the United States are regulated by a cap-and-trade system. We ask the question: Who captured the rents from Title IV? We first show that Phase I of the tradeable permits program, from 1995 to 1999, coincided with a dramatic expansion in the geographic extent of low-sulfur coal from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. We then analyze detailed data on coal deliveries from the Powder River Basin. Our results suggest that the two railroads that carry coal east from the PRB lowered their marginal transportation rates but raised the fixed components of the delivered price. These changes increased the price of PRB coal over most of its range, while lowering it at the extensive margin. Moreover, data on minemouth prices for PRB coal indicates that coal mines there did not raise prices substantially under Title IV. Hence the railroads captured rents from the regulation. JEL codes: Q28, L51, L92, L94. ∗ We are grateful to Paul MacAvoy and Erin Mansur for helpful comments, and to Daryl Newby of the Kentucky Public Service Commission and Jim Thompson of Energy Publishers for assistance in gathering information on coal contracts. †Haas School of Business, 2220 Piedmont Ave., Berkeley, CA 94720-1900; [email protected]; tel (510) 643-1426; fax (510) 643-1420. ‡Yale School of Management, P.O. Box 208200, 135 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520-8200; [email protected]; tel (203) 432 6024; fax (203) 432 6974. 1 USC FBE APPLIED ECONOMICS/CLEO WORKSHOP FRIDAY, October 31, 2003 1:30 pm 3:00 pm; Room: HOH-601K presented by Meghan Busse
منابع مشابه
The Number of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Death Cases Associated with Sulfur Dioxide Exposure in Ahvaz, Iran
Background & Aims of the Study: Sulfur dioxide is a component of greatest concern and is used as an indicator for the larger group of gaseous sulfur oxides (SOx). Sulfur dioxide can be absorbed into your body through the nose and lungs, its reaction with the moisture in the nose and nasal cavity, and entering the circulatory system directly through the airways. The aim of this study is ...
متن کاملAssessing the Effectiveness of Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Pollutants due to Abadan Oil Refinery on Hospital Areas Using CALPUFF Model in 2018: A Descriptive Study
Background and Objectives: Hospitals as one of the most important sensitive populated areas must be located in areas within standard air quality. The aim of this study was assessing Abadan hospitals outdoor air quality affected by oil refinery using CALPUFF (California Puff) model. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on the dispersion of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitroge...
متن کاملSulfur dioxide AQI modeling by artificial neural network in Tehran between 2007 and 2013
Background: Air pollution and concerns about health impacts have been raised in metropolitan cities like Tehran. Trend and prediction of air pollutants can show the effectiveness of strategies for the management and control of air pollution. Artificial neural network (ANN) technique is widely used as a reliable method for modeling of air pollutants in urban areas. Therefore, the aim of current ...
متن کاملModeling of sulfur dioxide emissions in Ahvaz City, southwest of Iran during 2013
Sulfur dioxide has two important sources in the atmosphere and this is why most of scientists believe in a geographic split in the globe. Power plants, major emitter of SO2, are located in north hemisphere such as in Russia, China, Canada and the USA. In south hemisphere, phytoplankton produces a massive amount of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). Then these types of reduced...
متن کاملThe Use of Raw and Thermally-Modified Calcareous Sludge Generated in Stone Cutting Industry for Sulfur Dioxide Removal
Management of solid wastes is considered as an economic and environmental issue in the building stone industry. The current study uses raw and calcined calcareous sludge, generated in the stone cutting factories, in order to remove sulfur dioxide. Sludge characterization has been performed, using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-d...
متن کامل